Wednesday 3 September 2014

The importance of organized living
Being organized is the most important criteria for success. The price we have to pay for being disorganized is very heavy indeed. Unfortunately the price is not evident immediately but is felt when it strikes at a later date. Most of the times, it is not possible to undo the damage that has been caused due to disorganization. Organized behavior on the other hand pays rich dividends. These are also not apparent immediately but in the long term they have a multiplier effect. We see examples of both types of behaviors in daily life. The overweight person, the person who has misplaced important documents, a person perpetually late for his appointments, a person in financial trouble, a student who has failed the exams, a office with chaotic scenes, disturbed family relations, all have to more or less extent origins in disorganization. On the other hand when things run smoothly like a well oiled machine, there is evidence of organization.
Being organized is a good habit. Like all good habits it takes daily inputs of energy and attention. Disorganized behavior hurts the conscience and causes negative feelings. This leads to lack of positive energy and thus fuels further disorganized behavior. It is a self feeding loop spiraling downwards. On the other hand if organized behavior is nurtured, it leads to small successes which create a positive self feeding loop spiraling upwards. To cultivate any good habit or to get out of a bad habit it takes determination, energy and awareness. Though these words may look daunting they are not as difficult as they seem. It just takes a switch of attitude to bring about the change. It is true that ‘Attitudes are more important than facts’.
So how can one become more organized?
1.       The correct attitude: A positive attitude is most important. Positive attitude does not only mean being on the high all the time. It means a steady and persevering determination to achieve what we have set to achieve. There will be ups and downs during life. A positive attitude is one which can take the rough and the smooth with equality, with a calm and steady mind. Being flexible and changing plans where ever necessary yet keeping the bigger picture unchanged.
2.       Being ‘Aware’: Being aware means being aware of the situation, being in the ‘here and now’. This also is possible with practice. Our mind is constantly shifting into the future and into the past. This is important for planning and survival but is detrimental if the thinking of past and future is uncontrolled. Shifting the focus to the present, consciously, time and again is awareness. There is another meaning to awareness which is, looking at situations from outside. Literally thinking as if one is observing the situation from outside one’s body as a third person. This helps to bring the situation into perspective and gives a rational approach to solving problems because one does not associate the problems as one’s own but that of another.
3.       Planning: Planning involves prioritizing. Like with all resources, there are always fewer resources and more demands. Time is a scarce resource. In fact it is the scarcest resource in the world. The funny part of it is that we are not aware of its scarcity until the time has passed us by. It is important to use time like a precious resource. This means deciding what deserves the time given to it.  Planning should be done keeping in mind the bigger goals. It is good to have a ‘Whole to Part’ approach. This means setting major goals and then breaking them down into smaller parts which can be incorporated into a daily routine.

Changing from a disorganized life to an organized one is not easy and the effort might fail time and again. It is important to keep on trying to improve. There are several tools available today which range from diaries to computers and smart phones. Even a simple pocket diary can be a good organizing tool. What is important in staying organized is the doing. Like the Nike motto says ‘JUST DO IT’.


Aniruddha Kolhatkar

Sunday 15 June 2014

The power of Focus

Indeed the old adage slow and steady wins the race is useful in life. It is true that if you learn to remain focused on the task in front of you, and tackle it slow and steady you will achieve more accurate results in lesser time in the long run.
So my take is that go about your work in a slow and steady way. Focus on the task at hand. Pause for some time during the work and review the situation. 
A long distance runner does not sprint to his destination. In fact he goes slow and rhythmic towards his goal. By doing so he covers more distance and is less exhausted.
The other aspect I would like to touch is distraction. Like in the proverbial story of the hare and the tortoise, the hare was fast but he got distracted by the carrots and cabbages in the farms along the way. This distraction slowed him down and he ultimately lost the race. On the other hand the tortoise was fully on its task and moved faster in the long run to win the race. 
In today’s time we consider multi tasking to be a virtue. But to achieve anything important in life it is a stumbling block.
Consider the amount of time you spend on face book, tweeter, WhatsApp and such social media. No doubt they are fantastic tools to staying connected. But the same tools become our enemies when they interfere in our productive time. Consider remaining away from them during the time you are focused and working on a project. It does not really matter if you read the social message immediately or at a later time. But today we have become obsessed with our electronic toys. We feel that we have to constantly look out for messages from our friends and feel an urgency to respond. If you study the messages you will find that most of them do not warrant an immediate response. You will also observe that most of the messages or mails are trivia. They are not important for you and your development yet you allocate the prime time of your day for such trivial small talk. My suggestion is that you need not get rid of social media. Only use it in your less important time. Do not allow it to take away the prime time which is so important for your development and success.
If you want to win, remember slow and focused wins the race.

Ar. Aniruddha Kolhatkar
16 June, 2014

Word meanings:
Adage: a proverb or short statement expressing a general truth.

Trivia: details, considerations, or pieces of information of little importance or value

Friday 2 May 2014

TIMBER:
1.    Timber used for construction should be well seasoned  it should not contain moisture more than 12%
2.   The seasoning should be done by either natural or artificial seasoning
3.    Timber should be from the heart of hard wood tree
4.    It should be free from knots, shakes, warp, white patches, crakes and holes
5.    It should not be affected by termites
6.    The cross section of the timber should show uniform colour and texture
7.    The grains of the timber should be seen when cut
                        8.   The timer should be hard and strong but should be easy to work with using                                      tools. The timber should not split or crack when making Tennon, Mortises                                      and   other  joints
                        9.   Different species of timber can be used in different purposes 
                               A. Central province teak (CP teak), Ghana teak, Burma Teak can be used for                                frames , wooden trusses and rafters, furniture etc
                               B. Species such as Sal, Silver etc. should be used for rough work, door                                                frames, concealed frame work for partition false ceiling etc
                               C. Burmah teak, High quality CP teak, sesam etc, can be used for decorative                                      work which is polished
BRICKS:
1.    Bricks should have uniform size and shape
2.    They shall be uniformly burnt
3.    They should have sharp edges. They should have a frog of 10 mm deep on one of the flat face
4.    They should not absorb water more than 20% of their weight  when measured in the dry and saturated state
5.    They should have uniform colour and texture
6.    They should not break when dropped on the ground from waist height on their flat face
7.    They should emit a ringing sound and not a dull sound when struck on each other
8.    They should have a minimum compressive strength of  15N/mm sq.
9.    They should be free from effloresance
10. The size of brick should be 230x110x65 to 70mm
SAND:
1.    Sand used for construction should be well graded
2.    It should be free from injurious amounts of silt (not exceeding 8%) If there is excessive silt the sand shall be washed before use
3.    It should be free from organic and chemical impurities and salt
4.    As far as possible river sand or pit sand shall be used
5.    Crushed sand may be used in combination with river sand if approved by the Structural designer
6.    Sea sand should not be used
7.    If the sand is moist it should be tested for bulking
If bulking is detected, additional sand shall be added to the mix to compensate for the increase in volume due to bulking. Also the water cement ratio for the mix should be adjusted for the moisture present in the sand.

8.    For plaster work the sand shall be sieved before use
REINFORCEMENT STEEL:

1.    Reinforcement bars shall be of the strength and make as specified by the Structural Designer
2.    Reinforcement bars shall have a tensile strength  of 415N/mm sq. For Fe 415 steel or 500N/mm sq. For Fe 500 steel
3.    The reinforcement bars shall be of TMT type (Thermo mechanically treated )
4.    The nominal diameter of the bars should be as specified in the structural drawings
5.    Re rolled steel shall not be used
6.    Steel used shall be of ‘Tata’/ ‘Mukund Iron’ / Jindal steel make.
7.    The steel shall be free from scales and rust
8.    A test certificate from the manufacturer should be obtained
9.    In addition if required sample pieces should be sent to the laboratory and got tested
10. In case of marine environment galvanized bars shall be used


GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR STONE:

1. Stone used for construction should be obtained from approved quarry.
2. Stone should be free from cracks, flaws, veins  etc.
3. The stone should not absorb water more than 5% of its weight
4. The stones used should be of such size which can be easily handled and dressed by tbe workmen.
5. The stone should have a minimum compressive strength as specified by the structural designer
6. Typical stones used for construction include, Basalt, Granite, Deccan trap, Sand stone, Lime stone and Laterite

GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR OIL PAINT
1.    The paint shall be of the specified make such as Asian, Nerolac, Berger etc.
2.    The paint shall be of the approved colour or the colour may be achieved by adding stainer  to white oil paint
3.    The primer used for oil paint shall be as follows
a.    For painting wood and plaster surfaces universal primer shall be used
b.    For painting steel surfaces red oxide or zinc chromate primer shall be used
4.    Painting of wood or plastered surfaces
a.    The surface shall be rubbed smooth witn the help of sand paper and cracks shall be filled with putty. Putty shall be made by mixing whiting powder and linseed oil
b.    Universal primer shall be applied in single coat with the help of a brush
c.    Oil paint of approved make and colour shall be applied with the help of a brush in two coats taking care not to leave any brush marks. The paint can be thinned down by adding thinner or turpentine
5.    Painting of steel surfaces
a.    The surface to be painted shall be rubbed with a emery paper and any scales, rust shall be removed.
b.    The surface shall be given a coat of primer either red oxide for general works and zinc chromate for more important works.
c.    Two coats of oil paint shall than be applied with the help of a brush or by spraying


Thursday 1 May 2014

UCR MASONRY IN PLINTH

A.   MATERIALS:
1.    STONE:
Stone used for the work shall be basalt obtained from approved quarry. The stone used shall be free from cracks, flaws, veins. The size of the stone should be such as can be handled by the workmen
2.    CEMENT MORTAR:
Cement mortar in the proportion of 1:6 shall be used. The cement used shall be ‘Ultra Tech’ 43 grade cement. The sand shall be well graded sand free from silt and other impurities
3.    CEMENT CONCRETE:
The cement concrete used for the base shall be of proportion 1:3:6
B: LAYING OF CONCRETE BASE:
The foundation strata shall be got checked and approved from the Structural Engineer. Concrete of proportion 1:3:6 shall be well mixed in a mechanical mixer and laid to a thickness of 150mm.  The width of the concrete base shall be as shown on the drawing or as instructed. The concrete shall be well compacted and cured for minimum 14 days

C: CONSTRUCTING THE UCR WALL:

 The centre line of the wall will be checked and marked with a string. The wall shall be constructed taking reference of the centre line, of the required width as shown in the drawings or as directed. The stones shall be lightly dressed and placed in a bed of cement mortar 1:6 in such a way as to break joints. The joint thickness should not exceed 25mm. Gaps between the stones should be filled with stone chips (spals). Through stones and bonders shall be placed at every 1m in the width and height of the wall. The line and level of the wall shall be constantly checked.

D: CURING:
The wall shall be kept wet for a period of minimum 14 days.

E: ITEM TO INCLUDE:
Apart  from the above the item shall include timbering and strutting if required, bailing out of subsoil water etc.





CERAMIC TILE FLOORING

A.   MATERIALS
1.    Cement : Cement used shall be 43 grade cement of ACC or Ultra Tech brand. The cement shall be fresh (not more than two months old from the date of manufacture)
2.    Sand: Sand used shall be river sand, well graded and free from excessive amounts of silt, organic and chemical impurities
3.    Ceramic tiles: Ceramic tiles shall be of ‘Kajaria’ make of nominal size 600x600  of thickness 8mm, of first quality as per approved shade and design.
4.    Plastic spacers: Plastic spacers as approved to be used  at the junction of tile joints
5.    Joint filler shall be of ‘Roff’ make of the specified colour

B.   TILE LAYOUT:
The tile layout shall be as per drawings and instructions. The starting point for tiling shall be as shown on the drawing. The cut tiles shall be adjusted as per the tiling layout.
C.   CLEANING OF THE CONCRETE SURFACE:

The concrete base shall be cleaned of all loose material and dust.
D.   CEMENT MORTAR BEDDING :
Cement mortar screed in the proportion 1:4 shall be laid on the concrete base as per the thickness required to achieve the level of the tiles. The level of the finished floor shall be marked on the adjoining walls and shall be used as a reference to determine the thickness of the mortar screed.

E.   WETTING OF THE TILES:
The tiles shall be kept immersed in water for at least 2 hours before tiling

F.    NEAT CEMENT FLOAT AND FIXING OF TILES:
Pure cement should be mixed in water to create a cement paste with the consistency of honey. This paste should be spread over the surface of the screed and the tiles should be fixed on the screed and gently tapped with the help of wooden mallet. The level of the tiles shall be checked from time to time with the help of a straight edge and string used for reference attached to a reference tile placed in the corner of the room. Plastic spacers shall be fixed at the corners of the tile and the adjoining tile shall be placed leaving a space equal to the spacer between the tiles.

G.   FILLING OF GROUT (JOINT FILLER)
After laying of the tiles the joints between the tiles shall be filled with joint filler of the required colour.

H.   CURING AND CLEANING:

The finished surface of the tiles shall be kept continuously wet for a period of minimum 7 days. After curing is complete the surface of the tiles shall be cleaned with a dilute acid wash and then washed with plain water. 

Saturday 26 April 2014

R.C.C. BEAM

1. MATERIALS
a. Cement:
Cement used shall be of 53 grade for Birla super make. The cement should be fresh (within 2 months from the date of manufacture). 
b. Coarse Aggregate:
Coarse aggregate shall be of basalt stone. It should be well graded. The particles should be angular and sharp. The aggregate shall be free from soft materials,  organic materials, silt or other deleterious material
c. Fine aggregate:
Fine aggregate shall be river sand. It should be well graded. It should be free of excessive amount of silt (not more than 8%). It should not contain organic impurities. If the sand is wet it should be tested for bulking. If the sand has bulked, extra sand shall be added of the required percentage volume. Crushed stone can also be used as fine aggregate if allowed by the structural Engineer. The amount of crushed stone used as fine aggregate shall be as per the instructions of the Engineer.
d. Water:
Water used shall be potable water. It should be free from organic and chemical impurities and excessive amount of salt. If in doubt the water shall be got tested from the laboratory.
e. Reinforcement:
The reinforcement bars shall be TMT bars (Thermo mechanically treated). The grade of the steel used shall be Fe415. Test report of the steel shall be obtained from the manufacturer. The bars shall be free from excessive amount of rust and scaling.
2. FORMWORK:
The formwork used shall be made from timber planks or plywood.  The props used shall be wooden bullies or steel props. The formwork shall be so designed as to be water tight, strong enough to take the loads from the materials, labour and vibration. The formwork shall be so designed that the sides of the formwork can be removed after 24 hours without disturbing the bottom plank which shall be kept till the full period of setting as specified. The props used shall be strong enough and should be connected to each other by bracing.
3. PROPORTIONING:
The different ingredients of concrete shall be mixed together by volume using a measure box of 35 litres volume.  Cement shall be added as one bag of 50 kg, sand shall be added as 2 boxes of sand and course aggregate as four boxes to get a proportion of 1:2:4.  Water shall be added as per the water cement ratio specified as per the following formula (water in litres = 50xwater cement ratio) where 50 is the weight of one bag of cement in kg
4. MIXING:
All the ingredients shall be mixed in a mechanical mixer. The mixer shall be turned for a period of 1.5 minutes.
5. COVER BLOCKS:
Cover blocks of the required cover distance as specified shall be either made on the site from rich mortar or may be of readymade plastic type. The cover blocks shall be tied properly to the reinforcement so as to maintain the adequate cover required.
6. PLACING:
The cement concrete mix shall be placed within the formwork in such a way as to avoid segregation. The concrete shall not be dropped from a height exceeding 900mm. Care shall be taken to see that the concrete covers all the reinforcement.
7. VIBRATING:
The beam shall be vibrated by means of needle vibrators and by roding. Excessive vibration shall be avoided.
8. CURING:
After 12 hours of casting the sides of the beam formwork shall be removed and the beams shall be kept continuously wet by spraying water for a period of 14 days.  If required the beams shall be kept covered with gunny bags which shall be constantly wetted
9. TESTING:
During the casting minimum two test cubes shall be taken as per the procedure laid out in Indian Standards. The cubes shall be cured and sent to the lab for testing. Crushing strength of concrete shall be tested after 7 days and 28 days of casting.
10. Measurement:

The concrete shall be measured in cubic meters. The steel shall be measured separately in kg.
RANDOM RUBBLE MASONRY
1.   MATERIALS
A.  STONE:
Stone used shall be Basalt stone. It should have a minimum crushing strength of 400 kg/sq.cm. It should not absorb water more than 5% by weight. The stone shall be obtained from quarry approved by the Engineer/Architect. The stones shall be of such size as can be easily lifted and placed in position by a single worker. Rounded stones should not be used. Stones should be free from soft materials, cracks, veins and organic impurities.
B.  Cement:
Cement used shall be ACC 43 grade cement. The cement used shall be fresh (within 2 months from the date of manufacture)
C.  Sand:
Fine aggregate shall be river sand. It should be well graded. It should be free of excessive amount of silt (not more than 8%). It should not contain organic impurities. If the sand is wet it should be tested for bulking. If the sand has bulked, extra sand shall be added of the required percentage volume. Crushed stone can also be used as fine aggregate if allowed by the structural Engineer. The amount of crushed stone used as fine aggregate shall be as per the instructions of the Engineer.
D.  Water:
Water used shall be potable water. It should be free from organic and chemical impurities and excessive amount of salt. If in doubt the water shall be got tested from the laboratory.

2.   DRESSING:
The stones used shall be randomly picked to fit into the required position, The faces and the sides of the stones shall be roughly hammer dressed to ensure proper fit.  The stone shall be so placed as to ensure that no bushing of the stone projects more than 40mm from the face of the wall.
3.   LAYING:
The stones shall be laid in cement mortar 1:6 in such a way that the stones are properly bedded and no hollows or cavities are left. Smaller spaces between stones shall be filled with stones of smaller sizes (SPALLS). The stones shall be placed randomly but taking care to break joints in all the three directions. The line and level of the stonework shall be checked from time to time.
4.   THROUGH STONES:
Stones occupying the entire width of the wall shall be placed at approx.1meter apart  in elevation both in height and length of the wall.
5.   BONDERS:
Where width of the wall is large and through stones of required width are not available. Two stones overlapping each other shall be used (bonders.)
6.   SPALLS:
The gaps between stones is large it shall be filled with smaller stones (spals)
7.   MORTAR:
The mortar used shall be cement mortar of proportion 1:6


8.   MORTAR JOINTS:
The mortar joints between stones shall not exceed 20mm in thickness. Where ever plastering or pointing is to be done the joints shall be raked to a depth of 10mm when the mortar is still green (fresh)
9.   CURING:
The stone work shall be cured by spraying water for a period of minimum 7 days.
10.                SCAFFOLDING:
Single scaffolding shall be used where ever required
11.                MEASUREMENT:
The stone work shall be measured in cubic meters.